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The Inca civilization was one of the most remarkable and sophisticated ancient civilizations known for its achievements in agriculture, architecture, engineering, and social organization. The Inca Empire was located in South America and covered a vast area from modern-day Colombia to Chile.
The Incas built an extensive road system over the rugged Andes mountains to connect their empire and facilitate communication and trade. They also constructed impressive architectural wonders, including the famous Machu Picchu city. This breathtaking city was built on a high mountain ridge and was made entirely of stone, without the use of mortar or cement.
The Inca society had a complex social hierarchy and was ruled by a powerful emperor, considered a deity by the people. The emperor's power was absolute, and his authority extended over all aspects of life, from politics to religion, and even nature. The emperor's administration was based on a sophisticated system of taxation and labor. The Incas also had a unique system of writing called Quipu, which used a series of knots on strings to represent numbers and record information.
The Inca civilization flourished until 1532 when Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro invaded their empire and captured their emperor, Atahualpa. Pizarro used his advanced military technology to defeat the Incas, who were unable to defend themselves against the Spaniards' superior firepower.
Despite their defeat, the Inca civilization left an important legacy for the world. Today, their impressive archaeological sites, including Machu Picchu, continue to attract millions of tourists every year.
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